Understanding Jacquard Circular Knitting Machines: Types, Functions, and Innovations in Textile Manufacturing

In the ever-evolving textile industry, machinery plays a pivotal role in determining the quality, efficiency, and versatility of fabric production. Among these machines, the circular knitting machine, officially referred to as the knitting circular weft knitting machine, stands out as a cornerstone of modern fabric manufacturing. Known for its high-speed operation, multi-path yarn feeding system, excellent pattern-switching capabilities, and impressive output, this machine has transformed the way knitted fabrics are produced.

One of the most remarkable advancements within this category is the Jacquard circular knitting machine, which enables intricate pattern knitting with unmatched precision and efficiency. This article provides a comprehensive overview of circular knitting machines, focusing particularly on Jacquard technology—its types, structure, applications, and benefits.

Circular knitting machines are specialized equipment used to knit fabric in a tubular form. These machines are characterized by multiple loop-forming systems, also known as yarn feeding paths, which allow them to produce large quantities of fabric with consistent quality and minimal manual intervention.

The development of circular knitting machines has been driven by the demand for high productivity, swift style changes, reduced processing steps, and broad material adaptability. These machines come in two primary configurations: single-sided (single jersey) and double-sided (double jersey). Each variant is engineered to meet specific textile production needs.

Single-sided circular knitting machines are equipped with a single needle cylinder and are primarily used for producing lightweight, breathable fabrics such as T-shirts, sportswear, and single-layer home textiles. They can be further classified into several subtypes based on functionality and fabric type:

This is the most common type of single-sided machine. It features multiple feed paths (often 3–4 per 25.4mm of cylinder diameter) and supports 102 to 126 feeders, enabling high-speed and high-output operations.

There are various models based on the needle track configuration:

Single-track

Two-track

Three-track

Four-needle track

Six-needle track

The four-needle track configuration is widely used due to its flexibility. These machines use a combination of needle and cam arrangements to produce a variety of knitted structures, making them versatile for fabric development.

Also known as a towel knitting machine, this variant creates looped pile fabrics similar to terry cloth. It comes in single-, double-, and four-needle track models. Two main terry knitting styles exist:

Positive Wrapping Terry: The terry yarn is shown on the fabric’s face.

Standard Terry: The terry yarn appears on the reverse side.

The machine uses synchronized sinkers and yarn feeding systems to achieve soft, absorbent textures commonly used in towels, robes, and baby clothes.

Popularly known as the sweater or flannel machine, this equipment produces brushed or unbrushed fleece fabrics. It utilizes single-, double-, or four-track needle arrangements and is ideal for manufacturing winter apparel and soft-textured outerwear. Through a carefully orchestrated yarn layering and brushing process, it creates warm, cozy fabrics with excellent insulation.

These machines are dedicated to knitting patterned single-sided fabrics using advanced Jacquard mechanisms. There are two main types:

Also called mechanical jacquard circular knitting machines, these are manually controlled and ideal for smaller production runs. Though slower in speed and lower in output, they are prized for quick pattern changes and ease of operation. Common subtypes include:

Faceplate Type (Jacquard wheel)

Pick Type (Swing mechanism)

Drum Type

Insert Type

They are widely used for weaving small-scale jacquard designs, sweaters, small-patterned motifs, and specialty single-layer fabrics.

Known in the industry as computer jacquard knitting machines, or informally as “fool machines” due to their user-friendly interface, these systems are a major leap forward in textile automation. Fabric designs are programmed via computer and input through floppy disks or USBs, allowing for precision pattern control and color selection.

These machines use computer programs to manipulate knitting needles into three operational positions:

Knit (loop)

Tuck

Float

This multi-position capability enables the machine to produce complex, large-scale jacquard patterns across various color schemes (4-, 5-, 6-, or even 8-color yarn configurations). Applications include fashion apparel, jacquard sweaters, decorative knits, and intricate transfer-loop patterns.

These machines are a staple in the textile sector thanks to their efficiency, adaptability, and user-friendly features. Let’s explore the characteristics that make them so valuable:

Rapid Operation: These machines operate at high rotational speeds, delivering large fabric volumes in a short period—ideal for mass production.

Minimal Downtime: Thanks to continuous fabric output and automated feeding systems, operational interruptions are rare, further enhancing productivity.

Versatility in Fabrics: Capable of producing plain jersey, terry cloth, fleece, and small to large jacquard patterns, single jersey machines support various apparel types, including activewear, casualwear, and undergarments.

Customizable Knits: By adjusting needle and cam combinations, manufacturers can achieve different fabric structures and textures, meeting diverse consumer demands.

Softness and Comfort: Single jersey fabrics are known for their elasticity and gentle touch, ideal for next-to-skin applications.

Moisture Management: High breathability and quick-drying properties make these fabrics suitable for sports and outdoor use.

Uniform Texture: The advanced control mechanisms ensure consistent fabric thickness and minimal defects.

Simplified Operation: With only one needle cylinder, these machines are easier to operate and maintain compared to double jersey types.

Automation: Many models come with digital interfaces, automatic needle selection, speed control, and error detection systems, reducing reliance on skilled labor and lowering production costs.

The transition from mechanical to computerized Jacquard systems has revolutionized the textile landscape. Here’s how:

Designs can be input digitally, allowing quick changes and precise replication. This reduces waste and accelerates the sampling process for designers.

Modern Jacquard machines support up to eight colors per pattern, enabling the creation of vivid, detailed fabrics that were once only possible through embroidery or printing.

Newer machines integrate energy-saving motors, smart sensors, and efficient yarn feeders, cutting down power consumption and environmental impact.

Jacquard machines are used across multiple segments of the textile industry, including:

Fashion and Apparel: From luxury sweaters and cardigans to patterned tops and scarves.

Home Textiles: Jacquard pillowcases, bed linens, and curtain fabrics.

Functional Clothing: Thermal wear and sport gear with embedded logos and designs.

Custom Branding: Used by brands to embed logos or motifs directly into fabric, enhancing brand identity.

Jacquard circular knitting machines represent the convergence of tradition and innovation in textile production. Whether mechanical or computerized, these machines empower manufacturers with the ability to create highly detailed, high-quality patterned fabrics efficiently and at scale.

Their adaptability, ease of use, and design flexibility make them indispensable in today’s fast-moving fashion and textile landscape. As consumer demand shifts toward customized, high-performance, and sustainable products, the role of Jacquard knitting machines will only continue to grow.

With advancements in automation, pattern programming, and energy-efficient operation, Jacquard circular knitting machines are poised to shape the future of fabric production—stitch by stitch.